Find out the difference between a first and second focal plane rifle scope and the benefits or each.
The difference between first focal plane (FFP) and second focal plane (SFP) rifle scopes comes down to the positioning of the reticle inside the scope and the way its size adjusts with varying magnification levels. Below, we will explore the characteristics of each type, along with their respective advantages and disadvantages:
First Focal Plane (FFP) Scopes
Definition:
First focal plane (FFP) scopes are designed with the reticle positioned at the front of the magnification system. This means that as you adjust the magnification level, the reticle scales proportionally with the target image.
Advantages:
- Consistent Measurements: The subtensions of the reticle, or the spacing between its lines, remain constant across all magnification levels. This feature enables precise range estimation and accurate holdover calculations.
- Effective at All Distances: Since the reticle size adjusts with magnification, it can be used effectively for ranging, holdovers, and windage corrections at any zoom level.
- Versatile for Long-Range Shooting: FFP scopes are particularly favoured for long-range shooting, where shooters require the ability to make swift adjustments based on varying distances.
Disadvantages:
- Reticle Size: At lower magnifications, the reticle may appear small relative to the target and the opposite affect can happen when the scope is put on its highest magnification meaning the reticle can actual obstruct the target. Both of which can hinder precise aiming, especially at close range.
- Cost: Due to their intricate design and manufacturing processes, FFP scopes typically come with a higher price tag, making them a more significant investment.
Second Focal Plane (SFP) Scopes
Definition:
In second focal plane (SFP) scopes, the reticle is positioned at the rear of the magnification system. This design ensures that the reticle size remains constant regardless of the magnification level, appearing the same at all settings.
Advantages:
- Clearer Target Visibility: At lower magnifications, the reticle is smaller and less intrusive, providing a clearer view of the target, which is particularly beneficial for close-range shooting. The same characteristic means SFP scopes are often preferred when shooting events where accuracy and precision is extremely important. For instance events like Benchrest shooting and F-Class shooting where a shooter is ultimately looking to place shots through the same hole a second focal plane scope is preferred.
- Cost-Effective: SFP scopes are generally more affordable than first focal plane (FFP) scopes, making them a popular choice for many shooters who are budget-conscious.
Disadvantages:
- Limited Subtension Accuracy: The subtensions of the reticle are only accurate at a designated magnification, usually the highest setting. This limitation can result in inaccuracies when using the reticle for range estimation or holdovers at lower magnifications.
- Reduced Long-Range Versatility: SFP scopes may not provide the same level of effectiveness for making quick adjustments at varying distances, especially when shooters frequently switch between different magnification levels.
Summary Table
| Feature | First Focal Plane (FFP) | Second Focal Plane (SFP) |
|---|---|---|
| Reticle Location | Front of the magnification system | Back of the magnification system |
| Reticle Size | Changes with magnification | Stays the same at all magnifications |
| Subtensions | Accurate at all magnifications | Accurate only at a specific magnification |
| Best For | Long-range shooting, tactical use | General use, close to medium ranges |
| Cost | Typically more expensive | Generally more affordable |
Conclusion
Choosing between a first focal plane and second focal plane scope depends on your specific shooting needs and preferences. If you frequently engage in long-range shooting or often hold off for wind and need precise measurements at various distances, an FFP scope may be the better choice. Conversely, if you prefer clearer views at lower magnifications and are focused on more general shooting applications or extreme accuracy in target shooting events, an SFP scope may suit you better.